Crash on iOS Safari wasm - two references to the same object return different values from trivial accessor for a primitive field.

[Paris Morgan]

Hi all, I'm filing this bug after exhausting many other options. I'm running a wasm binary with link time optimization and have tried running with ASSERTIONS, SAFE_HEAP, STACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK, and --memoryprofiler on emscripten. I've also run with an address sanitizer (`--copt=-fsanitize=address --linkopt=-fsanitize=address`), both in native and wasm builds. This bug reproes 100% of the time on iOS Safari, but not on Android, native Mac OS, or desktop Chrome + Safari

But, on to the bug. Here you can see we take two references (o1 and o2) to the same object in a vector:
```
class Object {
  ...
  uint32_t id() const { return id_; }
  ...
  uint32_t id_ = 0;
};

std::vector<Object> objs_;

void f() {
  auto &o1 = objs_.at(idx);
  ...
  auto &o2 = objs_.at(idx);

  ...
  if (std::addressof(o1) == std::addressof(o2) && o1.id() != o2.id()) {
    printf("Same object but different values! (%p and %p) (%zu and &zu)", &o1, &o2, o1.id(), o2.id());
  }
  ...
}
```
We then check if their address is the same but the value of `id()`, which is a trivial accessor for a primitive field, is different - which it is:
```
Same object but different values! (0xb472c8 and 0xb472c8) (3676866271 and 0)
```

The worst part about this bug is that it manifests itself when I change seemingly unrelated code, specifically changing a destructor from an empty user-defined destructor `~Foo() {}`, to a default destructor `~Foo() = default;`. I've diff-ed the bitcode before link time optimization with both destructors, and they are the same. So it seems perhaps somewhere in LTO there is a memory issue being introduced.

As an extra hurdle, this bug is resistant to inspection. If I try to print out the memory around o1 and o2, then the bug no longer occurs.
```
for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i) {
  printf("%02x ", (unsigned char*)&o1 + i);
}
```

The impact of this bug is that our program is crashing because later when we access `o2.id()`, the value is zero. I have not been able to recreate this with a minimal repro case, but posting this in the hope others have seem something similar or have suggestions on investigating further.

Details:
- iOS Safari
- C++ wasm with link time optimization
- emsdk-sdk-2.0.27
- llvm 8ae5e0b154ae18a78f73c0aef58356002b8ff0d7

[Alexey Proskuryakov]

Thank you for the report!

Could you please share a test case (one that can be simply open in Safari to observe the problem)?

[Paris Morgan]

Sure, here a link to a repro: https://8w.8thwall.app/safari-memory-bug. I've run it on an iPhone 12 Pro running iOS 15.0.1 and an iPhone 6S Plus running iOS 14.8.

You should accept camera permissions and then wave the phone around for ~5 seconds to trigger the crash, upon which you'll see a screen saying "Oops, something went wrong!". If you connect to Safari and look at console logs you can then see logs. I've slightly modified the code above to instead be:
```
void f() {
  ...
  auto &o1 = objs_.at(idx);
  ...
  auto &o2 = objs_.at(idx);
  ....
  printf("     (1) First we check if o1 and o2 have the same address but different values:\n");
  if (std::addressof(o1) == std::addressof(o2) && o1.id() != o2.id()) {
    printf("     (1) Same address but different values! o1: %p, o1.id(): %u | o2: %p, o2.id(): %u\n", &o1, o1.id(), &o2, o2.id());
  } else if (std::addressof(o1) == std::addressof(o2)) {
    printf("     (1) Same address and same values. o1: %p, o1.id(): %u | o2: %p, o2.id(): %u\n", &o1, o1.id(), &o2, o2.id());
  }

  printf("     (2) Now lets print out the addresses and ids of o1 and o2:\n");
  printf("     (2) o1: %p, o1.id(): %u | o2: %p, o2.id(): %u\n", &o1, o1.id(), &o2, o2.id());

  printf("     (3) Now check again if o1 and o2 have the same address but different values:\n");
  if (std::addressof(o1) == std::addressof(o2) && o1.id() != o2.id()) {
    printf("     (3) Same address but different values! o1: %p, o1.id(): %u | o2: %p, o2.id(): %u\n", &o1, o1.id(), &o2, o2.id());
  } else if (std::addressof(o1) == std::addressof(o2)) {
    printf("     (3) Same address and same values. o1: %p, o1.id(): %u | o2: %p, o2.id(): %u\n", &o1, o1.id(), &o2, o2.id());
  }
```
The result is that on the camera frame that crashes you will see:
```
(1) First we check if o1 and o2 have the same address but different values:
(1) Same address and same values. o1: 0xb392d8, o1.id(): 4240949120 | o2: 0xb392d8, o2.id(): 4240949120
(2) Now lets print out the addresses and ids of o1 and o2:
(2) o1: 0xb392d8, o1.id(): 4240949120 | o2: 0xb392d8, o2.id(): 0
(3) Now check again if o1 and o2 have the same address but different values:
(3) Same address but different values! o1: 0xb392d8, o1.id(): 4240949120 | o2: 0xb392d8, o2.id(): 0
```

[Radar WebKit Bug Importer]

<rdar://problem/84258798>